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Þõáú íóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö áöãó ÊóßúÝõÑõæäó ÈöÂíóÇÊö Çááøåö æóÇááøåõ ÔóåöíÏñ Úóáóì ãóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó {98}
98. "Say: 'O' People of the Book Why do you disbelieve in the Signs of Allah, while Allah is Witness to what you do?" Commentary: This verse is a question accompanied with a reproach but in a polite tone. This manner is the best kind of delivering propagation. However, it denotes that if you bear Allah in mind and know Him as a witness to your deeds, you may yield infidelity.
"Say: 'O' People of the Book Why do you disbelieve in the Signs of Allah, while Allah is Witness to what you do?" *******************
Þõáú íóÇ Ãóåúáó ÇáúßöÊóÇÈö áöãó ÊóÕõÏøõæäó Úóä ÓóÈöíáö Çááøåö ãóäú Âãóäó ÊóÈúÛõæäóåóÇ ÚöæóÌðÇ æóÃóäÊõãú ÔõåóÏóÇÁ æóãóÇ Çááøåõ ÈöÛóÇÝöáò ÚóãøóÇ ÊóÚúãóáõæäó {99}
99. "Say: ' O' People of the Book! Why do you obstacle those who believe from the way of Allah seeking to make it crooked, while you are witnesses? But Allah is not heedless of what you do? " Commentary: In the previous verse the question was about the infidelity of the People of the Book. In this holy verse, besides criticizing against their former behaviour, they are questioned if they do not believe themselves and disbelieve in the Signs of Allah; by what reason they hinder others to pave the path of Allah. But they should know that Allah is never heedless of what they do.
"Say: 'O' People of the Book! Why do you obstacle those who believe from the way of Allah seeking to make it crooked, while you are witnesses? But Allah is not heedless of what you do?" Explanations:
1. Your enemies always try to pervert you from the Truth.
"…seeking to make it crooked …"
2. Your enemies know and are witnesses to your rightfulness.
"…. while you are witnesses…'
3. The enemies of Islam might know that Allah is aware of their deeds and is lying in wait for them. "… But Allah is not heedless …"
4. If we know that our selves and our conduct are not overlooked, even for a moment, we may leave wrong doing. ***********************
íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæóÇú Åöä ÊõØöíÚõæÇú ÝóÑöíÞðÇ ãøöäó ÇáøóÐöíäó ÃõæÊõæÇú ÇáúßöÊóÇÈó íóÑõÏøõæßõã ÈóÚúÏó ÅöíãóÇäößõãú ßóÇÝöÑöíäó {100} 100. "O' you who have Faith! If you hearken to a party from among of those who have been given the Book, they will turn you back, after your faith, into disbelievers." Commentary: In several commentary books it is cited that one of the Jews by the name of Shash-ibn-Qays once passed by the gathering of Muslims consisting of members of two tribes called 'Aus and Khazraj and saw that they were very sincere with each other. He became worried about it and said to himself that formerly these two tribes were opposite to each other, but now, under the leadership and direction of Muhammad (s), they are living with each other peacefully. If this leadership continues, the existence of the Jews will be in danger.
He, systematically gathered a group to help him, and commissioned a young man to go inside them and to excite them by reminding them the memories of their fight in Biqath (the place where those two tribes fought against each other), so that the fire of a hard combat was going to be lit between them. The Prophet of Islam (s), with his soothing words, warned them and made them aware of that evil plot. Therefore, they put their swords down and kindly embraced each other while they were shedding tear and were regretful.
According to the commentators, in this incident, the above verse and the two former verses were revealed which caused the reproach and blame of the People of the Book as well as warning the Muslims.
"O' you who have Faith! if you hearken to a party from among of those who have been given the Book, they will turn you back, after your faith, into disbelievers." ***************
æóßóíúÝó ÊóßúÝõÑõæäó æóÃóäÊõãú ÊõÊúáóì Úóáóíúßõãú ÂíóÇÊõ Çááøåö æóÝöíßõãú ÑóÓõæáõåõ æóãóä íóÚúÊóÕöã ÈöÇááøåö ÝóÞóÏú åõÏöíó Åöáóì ÕöÑóÇØò ãøõÓúÊóÞöíãò {101}
101. "But how can you disbelieve while the verses of Allah are being recited unto you and His Messenger is amongst you? And whoever holds fast to Allah will indeed be guided to the Straight Path." Commentary: The cause of deviation or disbelief is either the lack of right path or the lack of guidance. But when there are Book, normatic custom, ordinances, and divine leaders, why do they pervert?
Relying on and trusting in Allah and seeking help from Him, is the key to security from all temptations and deviations.
"But how can you disbelieve while the verses of Allah are being recited unto you and His Messenger is amongst you? And whoever holds fast to Allah will indeed be guided to the Straight Path." Explanations: 1. The way of approaching to Allah is open to everybody. [44]
"... and whoever holds fast to Allah ..."
2. The existence of law alone is not enough to control infidelity and perversion. The presence of leader is necessary, too.
"... and His Messenger is amongst you? ..."
3. Seeking refuge to anyone or any authority rather than Allah, is perversion. 4. What is more important than motion, is finding the straight way and paving it.
"...(the one) will indeed be guided to the straight path."
5. Holding fast to Allah has a definite result:
"...(the one ) will indeed be guided..."
6. Holding fast to Allah is an earnest movement accompanied with a cognizant choice which is paving the way with the saints of Allah and in the way of Allah. ******************
Section 11
íóÇ ÃóíøõåóÇ ÇáøóÐöíäó ÂãóäõæÇú ÇÊøóÞõæÇú Çááøåó ÍóÞøó ÊõÞóÇÊöåö æóáÇó ÊóãõæÊõäøó ÅöáÇøó æóÃóäÊõã ãøõÓúáöãõæäó {102}
102. "O' You who have Faith! be in awe of Allah as it is due to Him: and do not die unless you are Muslims."
Commentary: Any perfection such as Faith, knowledge and piety has stages. There are elementary stages and the stages higher than that up to the absolute perfection. For instance, we recite the Qur'an where it says: "O' Lord! Increase me my knowledge!" [45] Or in Makarim-ul-Akhlaq, the Supplication, we, asking the Lord, recite: "O' Lord! Expand my Faith to a perfect faith." [46] And, in the above mentioned verse we recite: "... be in awe of Allah as it is due to Him..." Imam Sadiq (a) in this regard, says: "The due piety is in the fact that Allah be obeyed and not to be disobeyed; to be remembered and not to be forgotten, and to be thanked with no ingratitude," [47] This shows that there are some stages and steps in piety. Explanations: 1. Every day we must promote to a higher stage.
"O' you who have Faith! be in awe of Allah as it is due to Him...."
2. Mere belief is not enough, but to remain faithful is the condition. Beginning is not so important while the ending is more important.
"... and do not die unless you are Muslims."
3. Islam not only teaches us how to live, but also teaches us how to die. 4. Piety is the only key to the goodness of destiny.
*********
Notes: [44] In Jami'ah Kabirah, the supplication which has been brought forth by Imam Hady (a) it says: "Whoever holds fast to you has indeed held fast to Allah." That is, seeking refuge to the saints of Allah is indeed seeking refuge to the protection of Allah. As in the previous verse it says obedience to the disbelievers is the key to infidelity, while obedience to the divine leadership is also the key to belief in Allah.
[45] The Qur'an, Sura Taha, No.20, verse l14
[46] Sahifah Sajjadiyyah, Makirum-ul-Akhlaq, by Imam Sajjad (a)
[47] Bihar-al-Anwar, vol. 70, p. 292
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