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GLOSSARY

ABSTINENCE

avoiding, refraining

ABUSE

make bad or wrong use of, ill-treat

ACCOMPLISH

perform; succeed in doing

ACQUISITION

aining skill or ability, by one's own effort or behaviour

ACQUAINTANCE

a person whom one knows, information gained through experience

ADMINISTRATION

management of affairs

AFFECTION

love, fondness

ALOOF

apart, away from

ALTERNATIVE

choice between two things

ALTERATION

a change, act of changing

ASCEND

go or come up

ASPECT

look or appearance

ATONE

compensate, make amends for sins or wrong-doing

AVAIL

take advantage

BACKBITING

speak ill of somebody in his absence

BEHAVIOUR

manners (good or bad)

BETRAYED

cheated, disclosed

BRUTISH

cruel, savage

BORNE

undergone pain, hardship

CHAOS

complete absence of order, confusion

CIVILIZATION

system or stage of social development; refining or improving the manners

COMMENTED

remarked upon, expressed opinion, criticized

COMMEMORATE

keep or honour the memory of (a person or event)

COMPEL

force, obtain by pressure

CONTENTMENT

satisfaction, not wanting more

CONVERSANT

well-informed

CONVERSION

changing from one form to another

CONFIDENCE

faith, trust

CORDIALLY

warmly and sincerely

CUSTOM

habitual practice

DECORUM

decency, right and proper behaviour

DEPRIVED

oppressed, unjustly treated

DEVOTE

strongly attach to a person or a cause

DEVOID

without; empty

EDIBLE

eatable

EMBARRASSMENT

mental discomfort; or anxiety

EMPHASIZE

lay particular stress upon

ENDEAVOUR

effort, attempt, try

ENTRANT

one taking part in a contest; one who enters

ENDOW

give a gift

ERR

make mistake, be wrong

EXECUTE

put into effect, do skillfully

EXPIRE

die, come to an end, finish

FEATS

something difficult well done, especially showing skill, strength or daring

FEUD

bitter quarrel between two persons, families or groups over a long period of time

FORBEARANCE

patience; self control

FOUL

wicked, evil, rough

FOUNTAIN

source, origin

FRATERNITY

the state or relationship of a brother

GRACIOUS

kind, merciful

GRANT

give

HUMILIATION

putting to shame, lowering the dignity or self respect

HYPOCRITE

a person falsely making oneself appear to be good or virtuous

INCIDENCE

happening, occurrence

INCUMBENT

duty, necessary obligation

INDUCES

persuades, influences

INDULGE

gratify; cherish

INDEFATIGABLE

untiring

INFRINGE

break, transgress, violate

INIMICAL

unfriendly, harmful

INTENSIVE

deep and thorough; giving force and emphasis

INVASION

attack

IMPART

give, pass on a share of something

IMPEACH

blame; accuse

IMPREGNABLE

that cannot be taken by force

IMPRUDENT

rude; unwise

LITERATE

learned

LIVELIHOOD

means of maintaining life

MASTERPIECE

something made or done with very great skill; the best

MIRACLE

an act which is beyond the human power performed by the Prophets as an evidence of their Prophethood

MISRABLE

very unhappy, poor, wretched

NARRATE

give, cite, tell, recite

NOURISH

feed and cause to grow

OBLIGATORY

necessary, compulsory

OBSERVE

watch carefully

ORNAMENT

that which is added for decoration

PARDON

forgiveness, excuse oneself

PENETRATE

enter or pierce

PERSONALITY

a person of distinction

PROFESS

declare openly, affirm ones faith (in) allegiance (to)

PROMOTE

advance; help onward

PROSPERITY

state of being successful; good fortune

PYTHON

large snake

RANCOUR

(deep and long-lasting feeling of) bitterness

RANSOM

release (captive on payment); large sum of money

REFRAIN

hold oneself back; avoid

RENDER

give in turn or exchange; present offer

RESPECTIVE

in turn, separately and in the order mentioned

RITUAL

way of conducting religious ceremonies

SHIRKED

avoided a duty

SIMULTANEOUSLY

at the same time

SPECIFIED

mentioned clearly

SPROUTED

shooted forth, grew rapidly

SUCCESSOR

a person who takes the place which another has left, deputy

SUBMISSION

obedience

STUBBORN

difficult to deal with, obstinate

SUPPLICATION

humble prayers

SURVIVE

remain alive; continue to exist

TENET

principle, belief, doctrine

TOIL

hard work; work hard

TREAD

step, trample

TYRANNY

cruel or unjust use of power

UNCOUTH

rough, awkward, uncultured

UNIQUE

having no like or equal

UMPARALLELED

having no equal, matchless

VAIN

useless, worthless, fruitless

VALOUR

bravery

VAST

huge, boundless, extensive

VITALITY

vigour, energy

WRATH

great danger