NOTES:
[17].
See alSayyid `Alí alMílání,
"AlSayyid \ámid \usayn (r) wa Kitábuhú
al`Abaqát," Turáthuná,
No. 4 (Rabí` 1406 H.) pp. 144156.
[18].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, iv, 82; alKáshif,
i, 272.
[19].
AlKáshif, i, 313; Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
ii, 286; Taqríb alTahdhíb, i, 252.
[20].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, M.S.; alKáshif,
ii, 256; al`lbar, i, 205; Mir`át al-jinán,
i, 301; Taqríb alTahdhíb, ii, 248;
alShaykh `Abd al\aqq al-Dehlawí, Asmá'
rijál alMishkát.
[21].
Ibn \ibbán, al-Thiqát, MS.; alMaqdisí,
alKamál fí asmá' alrijál,
MS.; alDhahabí, Tadhkirat al<uffá~,
i, 155; al`Asqalání, Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
vi, 396.
[22].
al'lbar, i, 209; Mir`at aljinán,
i, 305; Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, iv, 222.
[23].
Ibn \ibbán, al-Thiqát; alMizzí,
Tahdhíb alKamál, MS., ^abaqát
alSháfi`iyyah, i, 85; alDhahabí,
alKáshif, iii, 19; see also Mir`at aljinán,
i, 313.
[24].
AlMizzí, Asmá' rijál al@a<í<ayn,
i, 42; AlDhahabí, alKáshif, i,
116; Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, i, 261.
[25].
Taqríb alTahdhíb, i, 64.
[26].
AlDhahabí, Tadhkirat al<uffá~,
i, 197.
[27].
AlMizzí, Tahdhíb alKamál,
MS.
[28].
AlDhahabí, Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
MS.
[29].
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, i, 236, also alKáshif,
iii, 235.
[30].
Taqríb alTahdhíb, ii, 231.
[31].
^abaqát al<uffá~, 100.
[32].
`Abd alGhaní alMaqdisí, alKamál
fí asmá' alrijál, MS.
[33].
Al`Asqalání, Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
iii, 245.
[34].
AlKáshif, i, 215, and al'lbar,
i, 293.
[35].
AlMizzí, Tahdhíb alKamál,
MS.
[36].
Ibn \ajar, Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, ii, 75,
and Taqríb alTahdhíb, i, 127.
[37].
AlMizzí, Tahdhíb alKamál,
MS.
[38].
AlDhahabí, Tadhkirat al<uffá~,
i, 323, alKáshif, i, 118, al'lbar,
i, 310.
[39].
Al`Asqalání, Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
i, 275.
[40].
Tabaqá> al<uffá~, 133.
[41].
AlDhahabí, Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
MS.; Tadhkirat al<uffá~, i, 315.
[42].
Al`Asqalání, Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
vi, 56.
[43].
Ibid., ii, 178.
[44].
Ibid., viii, 63.
[45].
AlKáshif, iii, 82.
[46].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, ii, 445.
[47].
Ibid., iii, 329.
[48].
AlTabaqat, vi, 355.
[49].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, viii, 300.
[50].
Ibid, vi, 413.
[51].
Ibid., x, 230.
[52].
Ibid., iii, 196.
[53].
Ibid., ii, 128.
[54].
Ibid, viii, 411.
[55].
Ibid, vii, 382.
[56].
Ibn Sa`d, al^abaqát, vi, 388.
[57].
AlDhahabí, Tadhkirat al<uffá~,
290.
[58].
AlKha>íb alBaghdádí, Ta'ríkh
Baghdád, xi, 356.
[59].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, vii, 288.
[60].
Ibid., xi, 6.
[61].
AlDhahabí, alKáshif, ii, 214
and Mízán al'i`tidál, iv, 284.
[62].
Ibid., vi, 331; Ibn \ajar, Ta`jíl almanfa`ah,
301.
[63].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, vii, 155.
[64].
Ibid, iii, 406.
[65].
AlDhahabí, Tadhhib alTahdhíb,
MS.
[66].
AlMizzí, Tahdhíb alKamál,
Ms.; Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, vi, 409;
Taqríb alTahdhíb, i, 521.
[67].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, ii, 101; al^abaqát,
vi, 396.
[68].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, xi, 366.
[69].
Ibid., i, 304; Taqríb alTahdhíb,
i, 76; ^abaqát al<uffá~, 155.
[70].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, i, 402.
[71].
Al^abaqát, vi, 400; alKáshif,
ii, 234; Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, vii,
50.
[72].
Al^abaqát, vii, 355; Ta'rikh Baghdad,
xiv, 64.
[73].
AlMizzí, Tahdhíb alKamál
[74].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb; alKáshif,
iii, 253; Taqríb alTahdhíb, ii,
346.
[75].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, x, 3.
[76].
Ibid., ix, 188.
[77].
Ibid., ix, 417.
[78].
Al^abaqát, vii, 340; Tahdhíb alTahdhíb,
iv, 43.;
[79].
Lisán almízán, iii, 264.
[80].
Baghyat alwi`á', 2930.
[81].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, iv, 89; Tadhkirat
al<uffá~, 416.
[82].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, iii, 195.
[83].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, xii, 255; Tahdhíb
alTahdhíb, vii, 407.
[84].
Wafayát al'a`yán, iii, 473; al'lbar,
i, 407; ^abaqát al<uffá~, 183.
[85].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, iii, 152.
[86].
Ibid., ii, 297.
[87].
Ibid., 342; alSam`ání, al-'Ansáb,
under 'alNasá'í'
[88].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, iv, 312; alKáshif,
ii, 5.
[89].
AlDhahabí, Siyar a`lám alnubalá',
MS.
[90].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, vi, 197.
[91].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, vii, 8084.
[92].
Tahdhíb alKamál, MS; Taqríb
alTahdhíb, ii, 147.
[93].
^abaqát alSháfi`iyyah, ii, 83; Tahdhíb
alTahdhíb, i, 216; Hudá alsárí.
[94].
Tahdhíb alKamál, MS; Tahdhíb
alTahdhíb, MS.; Taqríb alTahdhíb,
ii, 337.
[95].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, ii, 87; alKáshif,
i, 184; alKhazrají, alKhulá#ah,
i, 166.
[96].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, i, 335.
[97].
Ibid., iv, 123.
[98].
Ibid., vi, 455; Tadhkirat al<uffá~,
ii, 534; Mir`at aljinán, ii, 155; Taqríb
alTahdhíb, i, 529.
[99].
Al-Sam`ání, al'Ansáb; alDhahabí,
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, MS; Tadhkirat
al<uffá~, ii, 519; al'lbar, i,
457.
[100].
Al'Ansáb, under alGhanzí, Tahdhíb
alKamál, MS; Tahdhíb alTahdhíb;
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, ii, 152; alKáshif,
iii, 93; Taqríb alTahdhíb, ii, 204.
[101].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, iii, 374.
[102].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, xi, 425.
[103].
Ibid., i, 83.
[104].
Al'Ansáb; Tadhkirat al<uffá~,
ii, 535; alKáshif, i, 103; Taqríb
alTahdhíb, i, 429.
[105].
Tahdhíb alKamál, MS; alKáshif,
ii, 296.
[106].
Akhbár I#fahán, i, 81; Ta'ríkh
Baghdád, v, 223.
[107].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, i, 163.
[108].
Ibid., ii, 344.
[109].
Ibid., ix, 319.
[110].
Al'Ansáb, under 'alRiqashí';
`Abd alGhaní alMaqdisí, alKamál,
MS.
[111].
Al'Ansáb, under alRiyá<í.
[112].
Tahdhíb alTahdhíb, xi, 385; Tadhkirat
al<uffá~, i, 582; al'lbar, ii,
58.
[113].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, vi, 25.
[114].
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, ii, 677; ^abaqát
al<uffá~, 294; Fawát alWafayát,
ii, 228.
[115].
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, ii, 665; Tahdhíb
alTahdhíb, v, 141; ^abaqát al<uffá~,
288.
[116].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, iii, 153.
[117].
^abaqát al<uffá~; 290.
[118].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, iv, 349.
[119].
Ibid, ix, 322 328.
[120].
Al'lbar, ii, 106.
[121].
Al-`Ibar, i, 355
[122].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, 709.
[123].
Ibid, ii, 707; at al-`Ibar, ii, 124; Wafayát
al-'a`yán, vii, 241; Mir'át aljinán,
ii, 243; ^abaqát al-<uffá~, 306.
[124].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, xii, 152.
[125].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, ii, 732.
[126].
Wafayát al-'a`yán, v, 436.
[127].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, ix, 464.
[128].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, 808.
[129].
Ibid., 833.
[130].
Al-'Ansáb, under 'aI'Anbárí';
Wafayát al-'a`yán.
[131].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, iii, 824.
[132].
Al-`Ibar, iii, 259.
[133].
Akhbár I#fahán, ii, 80.
[134].
Al-`Ibar, ii, 293.
[135].
Al-'Ansáb, under 'alQa>í`í'.
[136].
Akhbár I#fahán, ii, 90; al-Lubáb,
i, 404; Tadhkirat al<uffá~, 945; Shadharát
al-dhahab, iii, 69; al-`Ibar, ii, 351.
[137].
Wafayát al-'a`yán; iii, 458.
[138].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, i, 282.
[139].
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, iii, 980; alWáfí
bi alWafayát, v, 34; ^abaqát al-<uffá~,
389.
[140].
Al-`Ibar, iii, 28; al'Asadí, ^abaqát
alSháfi`iyyah, MS; alQannawjí, alTáj
al-mukallal, 82.
[141].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, xii, 40.
[142].
Al-'Ansáb, under 'alMakhalla#'.
[143]. Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, iii, 93; Wafayát al-'a`yán, iii, 408; alMukhta#ar, ii, 144; Mir'át al-jinán, iii, 14; al-`Ibar, iii, 91; al@ub<í, ^abaqát alSháfi`iyyah, iv, 155.
[144].
^abaqát alSháfi`iyyah, v, 222.
[145].
Al`Ibar, iv, 118.
[146].
^abaqát alSháfi`iyyah, i, 429; iv,
58; Wafayát al-'a`yán, i, 61; al-`Ibar,
iii, 161; Mir'át al-jinán, iii, 46; alDáwúdí,
^abaqát almufassirín, i, 65.
[147].
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, iii, 1091; alWáfí
bi alWafayát, vii, 81; alTáj
almukallal, 31.
[148].
Yatímat aldahr, iv, 397.
[149].
Al'Ansáb under 'alGanjrúdí'.
[150].
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, iii, 1132.
[151].
Al-Dhahabí, Siyar a`lám alnubalá',
MS.
[152].
Tadhkirat al<uffá~, iii, 1135.
[153].
Ta'ríkh Baghdád, iii, 108; alMunta~am,
vii, 283.
[154].
Al'Ansáb under 'alDáwúdí'.
[155].
Al'Ansáb under 'alGhandajání'.
[156].
Wafayát al'a`yán, ii, 410; Tadhkirat
al<uffá~, iv, 1218; alWáffí
bi alWafayát, iv, 317.
[157].
Wafayát al'a`yán, ii, 380.
[158].
Ibn alWardí,Tatimmat alMukhta#ar, ii,
31.
[159].
Al'Ansáb, under 'alMazraqí';
alDhahabí, Ma`rifat alqurrá' alkibár,
i, 391.
[160].
Al-Wáfí bi al-Wafayát, iii, 28.
[161].
^abaqát al-qúrrá', i, 288.
[162].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, iv, 1282; ^abaqát
al-<uffá~, 464.
[163].
Wafayát al'a`yán, iii, 152; Tatimmat
al-Mukhta#ar, ii, 72; ^abaqát al-<uffá~,
468.
[164].
Ibn Far<ún, al-Díbáj almudhahhab,
ii, 57.
[165].
Al-Munta~am, x, 162; Tadhkirat al-<uffá~,
1289.
[166].
^abaqát al-qurrá', i, 204.
[167].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, iii, 1334; ^abaqát
al-Sháfi`iyyah, vi, 161; aI-Tha`álibí,
Maqálíd al-'asáníd; Wafayát
al'a`yán, iii, 414.
[168].
`Abd al-Qadír al-Qarashí, al-Jawáhir al-mu_í'ah,
i, 367.
[169].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, iv, 1383.
[170].
Al-`Ibar, v, 179; Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, iv,
1405.
[171].
Ibid., iv, 1428.
[172].
Ibn Shákir, Fawát al-Wafayát, i, 358;
al-`Ibar, v, 205; Mir'át aljinán,
iv, 121.
[173].
Al-Kanjí, Kifáyat al>álib, 231;
al-Badakhshí, Miftá< al-najá, MS.
[174].
Ibn Far<ún, al-Díbáj almudhahhab,
68.
[175].
Tadhkirat al-<uffá~, iv, 1476; ^abaqát
al<uffá~, 511.
[176].
Al-'Asnawí, ^abaqát al-Sháfi`iyyah, ii,
332; al-Suyú>í, \usn al-mu<á_darah,
i, 424.
[177].
Ibn \ajar al-`Asqalání, al-Durar al-káminah,
ii, 79.
[178].
AlShawkání, al-Badr al->áli`
Ii ma<ásin rnin ba`d al-qarn alsábi`, ii,
352.
[179].
Al-Durar al-káminah, ii, 68; Bughyat al-wi`át,
228; al-Badr al->áli`, i, 229.
[180].
Al- 'Asnawí, ^abaqát al-Sháfi`iyyah, i,
505.
[181].
Al-Wáfí bi al-Wafayát, v, 267-283.
[182].
Al-Durar al-káminah, ii, 113; Abná' al-ghumar,
i, 249.
[183].
AlShawkání, al-Badr al->áli`,
ii, 303.
[184].
Al-Sakháwí, al-¬aw' al-lámi`, v,
200.
[185].
Al-Manhal al-@áfí, i, 394 - 399; Abná'
al-ghumar, ix, 170.
[186].
`Abd al-\aqq al-Dehlawí, Nuzhat al-khawá>ir,
ii, 19.
[187].
Al-¬aw' al-lámi`, ii, 36-40.
[188].
Ibid., vii, 1-32.
[189].
Al-Sayyid Mu<ammad al-Bukhárí, Tadhkirat al-'abrár,
MS; Nuzhat al-khawá>ir, iv, 223.
[190].
Al-Ghazzí, al-Kawákib al-sá'irah, ii,
52.
[191].
Nuzhat al-khawá>ir, iv, 274.
[192].
Al-Mu<ibbí, Khulá#at al-'athar, i, 271;
Ra_í al-Dín alShámí, Tan_íd
al`uqúd alsaniyyah.
[193].
Ibid., v, 337.
[194].
Ibid., v, 201.
[195].
Khulá#at al-'athar, i, 331; al-Táj al-mukallal,
289.
[196].
Khulá#at al-'athar, iii, 201.
[197].
Ibid., iv, 204.
[198].
Nuzhat al-khawá>ir, iv, 285.
[199].
Al-Murádí, Silk al-durar, i, 22.
[200].
Nuzhat al-khawá>ir, vi, 259.
[201].
Ibid, vi, 113.
[202].
Ibid., vi, 351-355.
[203].
Al-Qannawjí, Abjad al-`ulúm.
[204].
Idem., al-Táj almukallal, 509.
[205].
Nuzhat al-khawá>ir, vii, 403.
[206].
\aydar `Alí Fay_ábádí, Izálat
al-ghayn; Nuzhat alkhawá>ir, vii, 69.
[207].
Ibid.
[208].
Ibid., vii, 136.
[209].
Ibid., vii, 258.
[210].
Ibid., vii, 527.
[211]. AI-Bukhárí
in his @a<í< (Kitáb al-ruqáq, <adíth
no. 1441) narrates the following mutawátir tradition
of the Prophet (S) from Anas ibn Málik:
AI-Bukhárí reports from Muslim
ibn Ibráhím, from Wuhayb from `Abd al `Azíz,
from Anas that the Prophet (S) said: "A group of my Companions
will be brought to me on the Pond (of alKawthar) and
as soon as I recognize them they shall be dragged away. I would
say, ('God! Aren't they) my Companions?' (God) would say, 'You
don't know what they did after you.'
According to another version of this tradition
(no. 1442) the Prophet (S) would be told:
You have no knowledge of what they did after you. They went back in a retrogressive manner (i.e. apostasized).
Al-Bukhárí narrates similar
traditions on the authority of \udhayfah (no 1435), `Abd Alláh
(no.1435), Sahl ibn Sa`d (no. 1442), Abú Sa`íd alKhudrí
(no 1442), Ibn `Abbás (no.1442), Abú Hurayrah (no
1443), and Asmá' bint Abí Bakr (no. 1449) in "Kitáb
al-ruqáq", as well as elsewhere in "Kitáb
al tafsír" and "Kitáb bad' al-khalq".
The same tradition with various wordings is also recorded by Muslim,
Abú Dawúd, al-Tirmidhí, alNasá'í,
Ibn Májah, Imám A<mad ibn \anbal in their books
(as well as Imám Málik in alMuwa>>á',
"Kitáb al>ahárah", <adíth
no.28) from several Companions. Imám Málik reports
the following tradition in his alMuwa>>á',
"Kitáb aljihád", <adíth
no.32:
"The Prophet (S) said concerning the martyrs of U<ud, "I shall bear witness for them (i.e. their faith)." Thereupon Abú Bakr said, "O Messenger of Alláh, aren't we their brethren, who embraced Islam like them and did jihád like them?" The Prophet (S) replied, "Yes, but I don't know what you will do after me ..."
See, for instance, A_wá' `alá
al-Sunnat al-Mu<ammadiyyah, pp.339-363, by Ma<múd
Abú Riyyah, a Sunní scholar, and Nahj al-<aqq
wa kashf al-#idq, pp.262-375, by al-`Allámah al-\illí
concerning the large number of Qur'ánic verses and Prophetic
traditions which decisively negate the very possibility of considering
each and every Companion as a star of the skies of guidance.
[212]. Ibn Sa`d in his al-^abaqát (Leiden, 1322), iii, part 1, p.129 reports that in a sermon that Abú Bakr delivered after taking charge of the caliphate, he declared, "I am only a man, and I am not better than any of you. So obey me when I go straight and correct me when you see me deviate. You should know that (at times) I am overwhelmed by a devil, so when you see me in a state of rage keep away from me." Similar statements by him have been reported by:
`Umar, the Second Caliph, is on record as often having made such statements as "Everyone has a better knowledge (of the Sharí`ah) than `Umar" (kullu a<adin a`lamu min `Umar) and "All the people have better understanding (of the Sharí`ah) than `Umar" (kullu a<adin afqahu min `Umar). See:
[213]. Here the author of the `Abaqát has cited the tradition of `Á'ishah which describes a usurious transaction between Zayd ibn Arqam and a woman. The tradition is mentioned by:
[214].
Here the author cites traditions
from the works of al-Bukhárí, Muslim, alDárimí,
Ibn Abí Shaybah, al-Nasá'í, Ibn al-'Athír,
alGhazzálí, al-Muttaqí, Ibn Khaldún
and Abú Hilál al-`Askarí concerning the sale
of wine by certain Companions.
[215].
Here the author has cited three
instances of such baseless fatáwá by Abú
Músá al-'Ash`arí.
[216].
Here the author has cited an
episode of `Umar ibn al-Kha>>áb who gave a fatwá
contrary to the Prophet's command from alSuyú>í's
Miftá< al-jannah.
[217].
Here the author has given several
instances of violation of the Sunnah by Mu`áwiyah ibn Abí
Sufyán.