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Delaying the full payment of Khums is a sinful act whether Hajj is intended or not.

Hajj is invalid if any amount used in its obligatory acts are from saved money out of which Khums is not paid fully.

Wassalam.

Yes, this is in the book Kamil al-Ziyarat:

The narration is as follows: I said to Imam Sadiq (A), “May I be sacrificed on you, I cannot afford to go to Hajj every year.” The Imam (A) replied: If you ever wanted to go to the Hajj but could not afford it, go to the Ziyarat of Imam Husain (A), for indeed it will be recorded as a Hajj for you. And if you ever wanted to go for Umrah but could not afford it, go to the Ziyarat of Imam Husain (A), for indeed it will be recorded as an Umrah for you.

As for why? Allah knows best.

However, some thoughts. First, it is not neglecting hajj, only discussing the situation where it is impossible.

Second, it is also said that worshipping at Masjid al-Kufa has a similar reward to hajj, and Masjid al-Kufa is associated with Imam Ali (A) so this general idea is not only said about Karbala (although it is more emphasized for Karbala).

Third, if someone from afar cannot perform hajj, then probably they also cannot go to Medina and visit the Prophet (S), so it is not worth mentioning here.

Fourth, there are many narrations that indicate there is something spiritually unique about Karbala and where Imam Husain (A) was laid to rest, and visiting Imam Husain (A) is emphasized above visiting the resting places of the other Imams. So, it is good to trust in that and assume there is in fact a hidden merit to visiting Karbala which is not found in other places. There are many aspects of the spiritual world that we don't see with our physical eyes and in our everyday reality. Of course, it is also very good to visit Imam Ali (A)!

The best way to answer this question for one's self is to go to all these places (hajj, Najaf, Karbala) and develop a personal view. If you have not, may Allah bless you with the opportunity!

Such preplanned sins are unforgiven. Allah (SWT) says in Quran: Verily, your Lord for those who committed sins, in ignorance and then repent and do good deeds, verily, your Lord thereafter is Oft-forgiving, Merciful. ( Sura 16, Verse 119.

Wassalam.

There is a difference between Hajj and Umrah . Hajj is obligatory once in life while Umrah is recommended.

If Hajj has become obligatory on you (i.e. you are able financially and physically to perform Hajj) then it is obligatory on you to perform Hajj same year with out any delay even if your husband is not willing to perform it now. You will not be allowed to postpone performing Hajj because of your husband or any other reason as Hajj is Obligatory on you. You can join any trusted group of Hajj and go with them.

If our husband does not allow you to go for Umrah, you should obey him because Umrah is not obligatory but Mustahab (Recommended).

Wassalam.