Mind

When your mind gets distracted from your Prayers, it does not invalidate your Prayer though it is not the good situation of Prayers.

Your Prayers are valid as far as your Wudhu is valid and your body and clothes are Tahir (pure) and you perform all the obligatory acts of Salah.

It is very good to keep your mind in your Prayers but if your mind gets distracted, your Salah remains valid.

Wassalam 

The Prayer is still valid as far your intention to continue praying for the sake of Allah  is not terminated or stopped or changed. Distraction during the prayer is from Shaitan who always tries to disturb us and spoil our relationship with Allah. It does not invalidate the prayer but you need to focus again on the prayer and avoid the Satanic thoughts (whispering).

Wassalam.

Kaffara is obligatory for every day of deliberate breaking fast beside Qadha of that fast. If you don't have money to feed sixty poor believers, you can fast two months as Kaffara of not fasting deliberately for each day. If you can not do that, you should wait till you are able to earn and feed the poor believers.

Wassalam.

You are not bound to follow an Istekhara done by your mother or any one other than you. You can follow the Istekhara which you did.

Wassalam.

The key of the peace of mind is remembering Allah in the proper way. As we read in Quran "Surely only by remembering Allah hearts gain peace" Surat no. 13 Verse no. 28. All mental problems can be tackled and cured by sincere remembering of Allah. It is recommended to recite Athaan (Azaan) at home or wherever you are on every time of Salah. Reciting Athaan has got benefits for mental health. Reciting Quran and Du'a or listening to their recitation helps a lot in gaining peace of mind. A great source of Du'a is Al Sahifa Al Sajjadiya and other supplications narrated by the Holy Prophet and Ahlulbayt. Glorifying Allah during the day and night especially before sunset and before sunrise has got great benefits as we read in the hadith that it is recommended to repeat Subhanallah WalHamdulilah Wa La Ilaaha Ila Allah Wa Allahu Akbar 10 times before sunrise and before sunset. It is also recommended to perform Wudhu before going to bed so that your sleep will be peaceful and you will get the reward of worshiping Allah for the whole night. You should seek the prayers and blessings of your parents as their prayers in your favor are very important and more likely to be accepted by Allah as long as you keep serving them and making them happy with you, even if they are not alive you should visit their grave and pray to Allah near their grave.

Wassalam.

Waswas is from Shaitan and no way to get rid of it but to drive Shaitan away. You need to focus on the fact that it is from your worst enemy (Shaitan) and seek help from Allah, The Most Exalted, to protect you from Shaitan.
Repeating Estighfaar, and Salawaat and LA HAWLA WALA QOWWATA ILLA BILLAH  can be very helpful.

'Wassalam.

Proper Wudhu is valid no matter what you think about during performing it, though it is recommended to recite Sura Al-Qadr during performing Wudhu as well as special supplications of Wudhu which are mentioned in our books of jurisprudence.

'Prayers need to keep your heart in your Prayer and not out of it. Prayer is valid even if you think about unrelated things, but the reward of the Prayer is more when your heart is in the Prayer. Allah Says in Quran: They have won indeed, the believers who are dedicated in the Prayers. (Sura Al-Mominoon, verses 1 and 2)

Wassalam.

Try to listen to Quran or any useful found material.

'Try to recite Quran with loud or at least clear voice.

'Try to recite Azaan on every time of Namaz.

'Try to focus on important issues and never allow Shaitan to find you as easy task to whisper on your ears.

'Repeat Salawaat and Estighfaar and LA HAWLA WALA QOWWATA ILLA BILLAH when ever you are alone.

Wassalam.

We do not need to keep repeating the intention (Niyyat) as far as we still remember what we are intending to perform. If we forget what want to perform, then we need to remember the Niyyat again.

'Niyyat is nothing more than to know what you are going to perform, and it is for the sake of Allah. We do not need to say anything to reflect our intention.

Wassalam.

No one has a right to pick in Islamic rules whatever he feels more logical for him. We must obey Allah even if our thinking based on our limited knowledge does not digest it. The orders of Allah are taken from the Prophet (SAWA) and his Holy Progeny Ahlul Bayt (AS). You need to follow the most highest scholar ( Marje' of Taqleed) to seek guidance.

Wassalam.

The law of attraction is an idea suggesting that positive thoughts bring positive results into a person's life, while negative thoughts bring negative outcomes. It is based on the belief that thoughts are a form of energy and that positive energy attracts success in all areas of life, including health, finances, and relationships.

While the Law of Attraction has generated attention in recent years due to media coverage, it lacks scientific evidence for its claims and is generally viewed as a pseudoscience.

In general, Islam encourages positive thinking and having big hopes and trust in the mercy of Allah (SWT) and discouraged negative thinking. The Narration says: Be optimistic and hope for the good, you should get what you hoped for. تفاءلوا بالخير تجدوه.

Having optimistic hope usually opens gates of success and vice verse.

Law of attraction must link optimism with the origin and source of every good in this existence who is The One and Only Creator; Allah, The Most Merciful. No good can be gained but only from Allah.

Other narration says: Allah grants His believing servant whatever he thinks about Allah, if good then good and if bad then bad. إن الله عند ظن عبده المؤمن، إن خيرا فخير ، وإن شرّا فشرّ.

Muslims don't need to go to outsiders to seek success. They need to study and understand the great teachings of Islam which are in Quran and the statements of the Prophet (SAWA) and Ahlul Bayt (AS).

'Wassalam.