The Qur'an says that varieties among people (including colour and language) are part of the divine plan, as one of the signs of God (30:22). However, it does not specify the physical mechanism by which people developed into different appearances.
Even if Adam and Eve were the first parents of all people, there is no reason why all people forever should look identical.
Scientifically, the current explanations are mutation and natural selection over time. (For instance, pale skin is advantageous in northern Europe because it assists in absorbing Vitamin D.)
However, there may be other scientific or metaphysical mechanisms for the development of variations among people that are not yet discovered or understood. Still, it is acceptable from an Islamic standpoint to refer this question to science.
Islam itself does not require certain beliefs about scientific matters, as long as one's scientific beliefs are compatible with the Qur'an.
The Qur'an speaks about the creation of Adam from clay. Many Muslims take that in a literal sense (Allah fashioned Adam from clay the way a person might make a statue).
However, some Muslims understand that verse in a way which is compatible with evolutionary theory, and that Allah used the evolution of species as a means to produce the human being from what was, originally, the earth.
There are some other viewpoints which are somewhat intermediate; for instance, the view that Allah created other homonids through evolution, and then intervened when it came to our forefather Adam to create or change him specifically.
Of course, from a scientific perspective, the theory of evolution as it applies to human beings is also a developing idea and may be revised or replaced in the future.
So, basically, there is no single view on this topic at present, and a Muslim can hold any idea as long as it is compatible with the basic ideas of the Qur'an (for instance, that Allah is the ultimate creator and had some intent behind the creation of Adam), and as long as they are trying to find out what is truest.
OTP entered does not match. Please enter the correct OTP!
Full Name and Password are required.
Please provide a valid Email address.
Please enter a valid email address.
Enter valid first name and last name with at least one space.
Mail sent successfully!
A validation e-mail has been sent to your e-mail address. You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site.