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The Hadeeth stating that who dies without allegiance to the Imam of his time, will die the death of Jahiliyyah (Ignorance) is a Mutawaatir Hadeeth which means narrated by many authentic narrators that can never jointly lie. 
It has been narrated in many Sunni references like:

1. Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, V. 28, P. 88.

2. Saheeh Muslim, V. 3, P. 1478.

3. Hilyatul Awliyaa' by al-Asbahani, V.3, P. 244.

4. Kitab Al-Sunnah by Ibn Abi 'Aasim , V.2, P.503.

5. Al-Sunan Al-Khubra by al-Bayhaqi, V.8, P. 270.

6. Saheeh ibn Hibbaan, V.10, P.434.

7. Sunan Abi Dawood, V.3, P.425.

8. Al-Mo'jam Al-Kabeer by al-Tabaraani, V.19, P.334. And many other Sunni books.
Main Shia books as well narrated this Hadeeth like:

Kitab Al-Kaafi by al-Kulaini 2; 21,

Kamaal Al-Deen by Al-Sadouq;2;409,

and Kifayat Al-Athar by Al-Khazzaz 296.

Wassalam.

In Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 20, p. 73, it is somewhat vaguely ascribed to 'Ikrimah that during the Battle of Uhud, the words of Nad-e-Ali were called down to the Prophet (S) from the heavens. 

(Specifically, this narration does not include the phrases bi-azamatika ya Allah or bi-nubuwwatika ya Muhammad)

To my knowledge, it does not have a chain of transmission and it is not specified in any of the classical Shi'i hadith books as a du'a.

Since Sufis also recite this du'a frequently, possibly Sufis first used it as a du'a, and then it became more common en masse among Shi'is. It is hard to say.

However, part of the merits of a du'a lie in its effectiveness. Since many people recite this du'a for a specific matter, and find that their prayers are answered quickly, experience shows it is a helpful and effective du'a, regardless of its origins. Seeking intercession from the Prophet (S) and Ahl al-Bayt (A) as a general act is acceptable.  

There is also no problem if one does not wish to read it because of theological reasons, absence of strong sourcing, or some other matter. 

Personally I read it sometimes.

1. It is narrated that when many Muslims disobeyed the Prophet (SAWA) in the battle of Uhud and the disbelievers attacked them from the backside of the mountain, and many Muslims ran away from the battlefield, the Prophet (SAWA) was told by Jabrael to call Ali (Nad-e-Ali). This Du'a of Nad-e-Ali was mentioned in Sunni books as well as Shia books.

2. Among Sunni books which mentioned it is Mawsoo'at Atraaf Al-Hadeeth Al-Nabawi Al-Shareef by Muhammad Al-Sa'eed Basyoni , Volume 10, page 3.

And Al -Maibudi who is a Sunni Shafi'ee scholar in his book Sharh Diwan Ameer Al-Mo'mineen, page 434.

3. Among Shia great scholars who mentioned it are:

1. Al-Shahhed Al-Awwal in his own handwriting which was seen by Al-Kaf'ami. 2. Ebraheem Al-Kaf'ami in his book Al-Misbah , page 183.

3. Al-Muhaddith Al-Nouri in Musradrak Al-Wasaa'il, volume 15, page 483.

4. Al-Allama Al-Majlisi, in Biharul Anwar, volume 20,p age 73.

5. Muhammad Taqi Sipehr in Naasikh Al-Tawaareekh, volume 1, page 355.

6. Al-Muhaddithi in his book Waqi'at Al-Ghadeer Al-Ghadeer, page 536.

7. al-Dozdozani Tabreezi in his Estiftaa'aat, page 22.

8. al-Mar'ashi Al-Najafi in Sharh Ehqaq Al-Haq, volume 31, page 219.

and many other scholars.

Wassalam.

Du’a al-Iftitah is one of the authentic supplications narrated from Ahlul Bayt (AS). 
    1.    It has been narrated in Kitab al-Tahtheeb by al-Shaikh al-Toosi in the Du’as of Month of Ramadhan, Hadeeth number 38 as a Saheeh narration from Ali ibn Ri’aab from Imam Musa ibn Jafar (AS).
    2.    It has been narrated also in al-Shaikh al-Toosi in his well known book Al-Misbaah ( Misbaah al-Mutahajjid).
    3.    Ibn Tawoos narrated Du’a al-Iftitah in his book al-Iqbaal from Kitab Abi Qurrah narrated from Muhammad Ibn Uthman the second  Safeer of Imam Al-Mahdi (AS).
    4.    Ibn Tawoos narrated this Du’a in his book Muhammad al-Da’awaat from Imam Musa Ibn Jafar (AS).
    5.    The content of the Du’a is a very clear evidence that it has come from the Infallible Imams (AS).

Wassalam.