Sayyed Mohammad Al-Musawi

Salatul Dhuha is a Bid’ah like Salat Al-Taraweeh because the Prophet (SAWA) never prayed nor approved it. Even in Sunni books like Bukhari, there are Hadeeths that the Prophet never prayed Salat al-Dhuha.

We pray any time recommended prayers of two Rak'ats we can repeat it any number times. We also pray Salat Ja'far Al-Tayyar which is mentioned even in Sunni books as Salat al-Tasbeeh which two Rak'ats then two Rak'ats which include 300 times of Tasbeehat Arba' ( SUBHANALL WAL HANDULILLAH WALA ELLALLAH WALLAHU AKBAR).

There are two ways to perform this very authentic Salah.

Wassalam.

Friday Prayer is very important in Shia Islam and it been performed in thousands of Shia Masjids all over the world. Shia Muslims don't join any Prayer which is been misused by wrong rulers as history has proven in many places where Friday Prayer was made to serve the wrong rulers.

'Our leading Maraaje' of Taqleed have issued verdicts about Friday Prayers. Many of them said it is compulsory to join Friday Prayers while other Maraaje; say the it Wajib Takhyeeri (optional compulsory) which means it is compulsory to join Friday Prayer or Dhuhr.

Wassalam.

First of all you as a Muslim should avoid harming any innocent person. Just suspension about a person is not enough but concrete evidence must be known to you. 
If a person tries to shoot you, you should try to protect yourself in every possible way. If you to protect yourself by shooting back, you should avoid killing the person as much as you can. You should never try to kill a person if you have any other way to protect yourself.

'I advise you to be away from a job which can lead you to kill any human being.

Wassalam.

Married man and married woman are not allowed to do any thing or speak any word which can initiate an intimate feeling between them. Divorce is the most disliked allowed act by Allah. Married woman must protect herself from anything which can lead her to Haraam. Married man must also be careful that anything or word with a married woman is very dangerous and can lead to hellfire.

Wassalam.

Sadaqa is always very good but it will never clear your responsibility to make up ( Qadha) of any missed obligatory Salah. Missed SALAH must be performed as Qadha by you. Even after death, it must be performed on your behalf as Qadha.

Wassalam.

If your father is a Sayyed, you will be a Sayyed as well. Your mother alone with out your father will not make you a Sayyed.

Wassalam.

If your work requires you to travel away at least three days a week, you must fast during the month of Ramadan and pray full there.

'Wassalam.

Yes it is permissible for a Hijabi female to cut hair hair short as far it does not make her look like men.

Wassalam 

Wearing full Hijab means covering all your hair and body except your face and hands. Leaving hair show with out covering it will invalidate the Prayer.

Wassalam.

Missing Ruku' invalidate Salah because Ruku' is one of the basic five obligatory acts of Salah. If you remembered and performed Ruku; before going for next step, then your Salah will be valid. If you go ahead to next Rak'at, before performing Ruku', then Salah is invalid because of missing one basic obligatory act.

'Wassalam.

We always need to strengthen our will power and that does not come through just wishing but through hard work and constant training.

Fasting is one of the practices which help strengthening will power, and also Night Prayer (Salat Al-Layl or Namaz e Shab) and any good work which your desire does not like but you do it for the sake of Allah.

Wassalam.

We don't have enough evidence to say celebrating birthdays is not allowed as far as it does not include sinful act and does not support un Islamic way of life.

Un-Islamic acts are not allowed after our leading scholars ( Maraaji' of Taqleed) confirm that it is definitely un-Islamic according to authentic evidence from Quran and Sunnah and not only according to cultural reasons.

Wassalam.