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Traditionally, it is said that Sukayna bint al-Husayn and Ruqayyah bint al-Husayn were 2 daughters of Imam Husayn who were present in Karbala. (In some cultures, they are treated as one and called "Sakina").

From a historical perspective, it can be deduced from historical reports that Sukayna bint al-Husayn was a young woman (maybe about 13 years old) at the time of Karbala, and that this is the same Sukayna bint al-Husayn who was mentioned in later historical sources. Also, in a poem ascribed to Imam Husayn to comfort her, he refers to her as the "best of women" (that is, she wouldn't have been a young child or else he wouldn't have called her a "woman"):

وقال:
سيطول بعدي يا سكينة! فاعلمي * منك البكاء إذا الحمام دهاني لا تحرقي قلبي بدمعك حسرة * ما دام مني الروح في جثماني وإذا قتلت فأنت أولى بالذي * تأتينه يا خيرة النسوان

"O, my dear Sukayna! Know that after me your weeping is prolonged. [So my daughter] do not burn my heart by your sorrowful tears as long as I am alive. O, the best of women! Weeping is more suitable for you after my martyrdom."

It is said that Ruqayyah was about 3 years old in Karbala, that she died when Yazid sent her the head of her father, and that her shrine is in Syria. However, historical reports about her are scant. Maybe people in those days didn't consider it too important to keep records about young children as children often did not live past childhood.

Salaamun Alaikum
 

SHAFAQNA – Imam Sajjad (AS) had severe stomach ache in Karbala to an extent that he could not carry weapons or fight [1,2,3]. The illness started in Karbala and not from the time Imam Hussain (AS) started his journey towards Iraq. Of course his illness was a divine plan so that one child would remain from Imam Hussain (AS) to undertake the Imamate and the leadership of Muslims.

[1] Basaerul Darajat, Saffar Qomi, Pages 148 and 163.

[2] Alershad, Sheikh Mofeed, Page 114.

[3] E’alammul Wara, Tabarsi, Page 246.

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https://makarem.ir/main.aspx?typeinfo=23&lid=1&mid=323592&catid=30021&start=1&pageindex=0

Further explanation: In some cultures, dating back to ancient or mediaeval times (including parts of Europe/Britain as well as Greece), it was considered inappropriate or immodest for respectable women to ride horses in the normal way, especially if they were wearing long dresses that might not stay in place, so women were expected to ride side-saddle or, as Sayyed mentions, in a litter atop the animal. (I am not saying that no women ever rode horses the normal way, just that this was considered more mannerly.) It seems that women riding horses the normal way may have been seen as suggestive, although, nowadays, in much of the world, there is no stigma attached to it. 

If they rode bare horses or regularly saddled horses during that time, it could be taken as a sign of them being treated harshly by the enemy. 

Muslim women used to sit on Hawdaj which is like a seat put on the animal and not directly on the animal. Sitting directly on the animal or on saddles is Makrouh for women.

Wassalam.