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To His Companion, Abdullah bin Jundab

To His Companion, Abdullah bin Jundab1

It is related that Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him) said2,

To Take Account

حَقٌّ عَلَى كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ يَعْرِفُنَا أَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَمَلَهُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَ لَيْلَةٍ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فَيَكُونَ مُحَاسِبَ نَفْسِهِ فَإِنْ رَأَى حَسَنَةً اسْتَزَادَ مِنْهَا وَ إِنْ رَأَى سَيِّئَةً اسْتَغْفَرَ مِنْهَا لِئَلَّا يَخْزَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ.

It is obligatory upon every Muslim, who claims of knowing us, to take account of his deeds and reckon them every day and night. If he notices that he has done a good deed, he should do it increasingly, and if he notices that he has committed an evildoing, he should seek God’s forgiving it so that he will not be disgraced on the Day of Resurrection.

The Blessed Servant

طُوبَى لِعَبْدٍ لَمْ يَغْبِطِ الْخَاطِئِينَ عَلَى مَا أُوتُوا مِنْ نَعِيمِ الدُّنْيَا وَ زَهْرَتِهَا طُوبَى لِعَبْدٍ طَلَبَ الْآخِرَةَ وَ سَعَى لَهَا طُوبَى لِمَنْ لَمْ تُلْهِهِ الْأَمَانِيُّ الْكَاذِبَةُ.

Blessed be the servant -of God- who does not envy the wrongdoers for their having the worldly pleasures. Blessed be the servant who sought the world to come painstakingly. Blessed be he who is not cheated by the false expectations and desires.

True believers

إِنَّمَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ الَّذِينَ‏ يَخَافُونَ اللَّهَ وَ يُشْفِقُونَ أَنْ يُسْلَبُوا مَا أُعْطُوا مِنَ الْهُدَى فَإِذَا ذَكَرُوا اللَّهَ وَ نَعْمَاءَهُ وَجِلُوا وَ أَشْفَقُوا وَ إِذا تُلِيَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ آياتُهُ زادَتْهُمْ إِيماناً مِمَّا أَظْهَرَهُ مِنْ نَفَاذِ قُدْرَتِهِ وَ عَلى‏ رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ.

The true faithful are only those who fear God and work hard so as the guidance they have been given will not be taken from them. If they remember God and His grace, they feel apprehensive (and their hearts tremble with awe). When His signs and verses are recited to them, they increase their faith due to the power that He shows, and they put their trust in their Lord.

Hope and Fear

يَنْجُو الَّذِينَ هُمْ بَيْنَ الرَّجَاءِ وَ الْخَوْفِ كَأَنَّ قُلُوبَهُمْ فِي مِخْلَبِ طَائِرٍ شَوْقاً إِلَى الثَّوَابِ وَ خَوْفاً مِنَ الْعَذَابِ.

The safe are those who are in a situation between hope and fear, whose hearts are as if they are in a claw of a bird due to their eagerness for the reward and fear from the penalty.

Eye and the Tongue

أَقِلَّ النَّوْمَ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ الْكَلَامَ بِالنَّهَارِ فَمَا فِي الْجَسَدِ شَيْ‏ءٌ أَقَلَّ شُكْراً مِنَ الْعَيْنِ وَ اللِّسَانِ.

Sleep little at night and speak little in day, as the less thankful organs are the eye and the tongue.

Beware of Sleeping!

إِنَّ أُمَّ سُلَيْمَانَ قَالَتْ لِسُلَيْمَانَ (ع) يَا بُنَيَّ إِيَّاكَ وَ النَّوْمَ فَإِنَّهُ يُفْقِرُكَ يَوْمَ يَحْتَاجُ النَّاسُ إِلَى أَعْمَالِهِمْ.

Mother of Solomon the prophet (peace be upon him) instructed him, saying, “O son, beware of sleeping. It makes you needy on that day when people will be in importunate need for their deeds.”

Trap of Satan

إِنَّ لِلشَّيْطَانِ مَصَائِدَ يَصْطَادُ بِهَا فَتَحَامَوْا شِبَاكَهُ‏ وَ مَصَائِدَهُ. أَمَّا مَصَائِدُهُ فَصَدٌّ عَنْ بِرِّ الْإِخْوَانِ وَ أَمَّا شِبَاكُهُ فَنَوْمٌ عَنْ قَضَاءِ الصَّلَوَاتِ الَّتِي فَرَضَهَا اللَّهُ.
Satan has some traps with which he traps the others. Keep yourselves safe against his snares and traps. The trap of the Satan is withholding from doing charity to the friends, while his snare is sleeping away the settlement of the obligatory prayers.

The Best Worship

إِنَّهُ مَا يُعْبَدُ اللَّهُ بِمِثْلِ نَقْلِ الْأَقْدَامِ إِلَى بِرِّ الْإِخْوَانِ وَ زِيَارَتِهِمْ.

Certainly, no worship is preferred to walking for visiting and providing charity to the friends.

To Cheat the Friend

مَنْ غَشَّ أَخَاهُ وَ حَقَّرَهُ وَ نَاوَأَهُ‏ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ النَّارَ مَأْوَاهُ.

God will make Hell the lodge of him who cheats, debases, and aggresses his brother (in faith).

The Envy

مَنْ حَسَدَ مُؤْمِناً انْمَاثَ الْإِيمَانُ فِي قَلْبِهِ كَمَا يَنْمَاثُ الْمِلْحُ فِي الْمَاءِ.

The faith will dissolve in the hearts of those who envy a believer, as salt dissolves in water.

As the Martyr

الْمَاشِي فِي حَاجَةِ أَخِيهِ كَالسَّاعِي بَيْنَ الصَّفَا وَ الْمَرْوَةِ وَ قَاضِي حَاجَتِهِ كَالْمُتَشَحِّطِ بِدَمِهِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَ أُحُدٍ.

He who makes efforts for settling his brother’s need is as same as the one who roams between Safa and Marwa3. He who settles the need of his friend is regarded as same as those whose blood was shed in the battles of Badr and Uhud4 for the sake of God.

Rights of the Poor

مَا عَذَّبَ اللَّهُ أُمَّةً إِلَّا عِنْدَ اسْتِهَانَتِهِمْ بِحُقُوقِ فُقَرَاءِ إِخْوَانِهِمْ.

God did not punish a nation unless they had disregarded the rights of their poor brothers5.

The Oppressor

لَيْسَ مِنْ شِيعَتِنَا مَنْ يَظْلِمُ النَّاسَ.

The one who oppresses people is not within our adherents.

The Characters of a Shia

إِنَّمَا شِيعَتُنَا يُعْرَفُونَ بِخِصَالٍ شَتَّى بِالسَّخَاءِ وَ الْبَذْلِ لِلْإِخْوَانِ وَ بِأَنْ يُصَلُّوا الْخَمْسِينَ لَيْلًا وَ نَهَاراً شِيعَتُنَا لَا يَهِرُّونَ هَرِيرَ الْكَلْبِ وَ لَا يَطْمَعُونَ طَمَعَ الْغُرَابِ.

The characters of our Shias are many. They are generosity, openhandedness with the friends, and … Our Shias do not shout like dogs nor are they avaricious like crows.

Showing off

كُلُّ الْبِرِّ مَقْبُولٌ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ رِئَاءً.

Every charity is acceptable except that which is done for showing off.

Love for the Sake of God!

أَحْبِبْ فِي اللَّهِ وَ اسْتَمْسِكْ‏ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقى‏ وَ اعْتَصِمْ بِالْهُدَى يُقْبَلْ عَمَلُكَ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ‏ إِلَّا مَنْ آمَنَ وَ عَمِلَ صالِحاً ثُمَّ اهْتَدى.

Love (others) for God’s sake. Cling to the firmest handle. Stick on the guidance so that your deeds will be accepted. God says,
“Indeed I am all-forgiver toward him who repents, becomes faithful and acts righteously, and then follows guidance.” (20:82)

Guidance

لَا يُقْبَلُ إِلَّا الْإِيمَانُ وَ لَا إِيمَانَ إِلَّا بِعَمَلٍ وَ لَا عَمَلَ إِلَّا بِيَقِينٍ وَ لَا يَقِينَ إِلَّا بِالْخُشُوعِ وَ مِلَاكُهَا كُلُّهَا الْهُدَى فَمَنِ اهْتَدَى يُقْبَلُ عَمَلُهُ وَ صَعِدَ إِلَى الْمَلَكُوتِ مُتَقَبَّلًا.

Nothing will be accepted except faith, and there is no faith without deed, and no deed without conviction, and no conviction without submission. The master and criterion of all these is guidance. Therefore, the deeds of him who follows the right guidance will be accepted and ascended to the Divine Realm.

Neighboring God

إِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ أَنْ تُجَاوِرَ الْجَلِيلَ فِي دَارِهِ وَ تَسْكُنَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ فِي جِوَارِهِ فَلْتَهُنْ عَلَيْكَ الدُّنْيَا وَ اجْعَلِ الْمَوْتَ نُصْبَ عَيْنِكَ وَ لَا تَدَّخِرْ شَيْئاً لِغَدٍ وَ اعْلَمْ أَنَّ لَكَ مَا قَدَّمْتَ وَ عَلَيْكَ مَا أَخَّرْتَ.

If you desire for neighboring the Glorified God and residing in the Elevated Paradise in His vicinity, you should demean the worldly pleasures, regard death permanently, and spare nothing for tomorrow. Know that you would get the reward of whatever you precede -in charity- and get the punishment of whatever you delay.

Passions

مَنْ أَطَاعَ هَوَاهُ فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ عَدُوَّهُ.

The one who complies with his passions is complying with his enemy.

Trust in God!

مَنْ يَثِقْ بِاللَّهِ يَكْفِهِ مَا أَهَمَّهُ مِنْ أَمْرِ دُنْيَاهُ وَ آخِرَتِهِ وَ يَحْفَظْ لَهُ مَا غَابَ عَنْهُ.

For those who trust in Him, God will settle their worldly affairs as well as the affairs of the Hereafter and keep for them whatever they miss.

Steadfastness

قَدْ عَجَزَ مَنْ لَمْ يُعِدَّ لِكُلِّ بَلَاءٍ صَبْراً وَ لِكُلِّ نِعْمَةٍ شُكْراً وَ لِكُلِّ عُسْرٍ يُسْراً.

He, who does not choose steadfastness for facing every misfortune, thanks for every grace, and easiness for every complexity will surely be too short to continue.

Misfortunes

صَبِّرْ نَفْسَكَ عِنْدَ كُلِّ بَلِيَّةٍ فِي وَلَدٍ أَوْ مَالٍ أَوْ رَزِيَّةٍ فَإِنَّمَا يَقْبِضُ عَارِيَتَهُ وَ يَأْخُذُ هِبَتَهُ لِيَبْلُوَ فِيهِمَا صَبْرَكَ وَ شُكْرَكَ.

Be broad-minded and patient whenever a misfortune inflicts you, whether in your son, wealth, or other matters. The fact of every misfortune is that God receives his loan and takes his gift back to test your tolerance and thanking.

No Disobedient no Despair

ارْجُ اللَّهَ رَجَاءً لَا يُجَرِّيكَ عَلَى مَعْصِيَتِهِ وَ خَفْهُ خَوْفاً لَا يُؤْيِسُكَ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ.

Trust in God in a way that you will not dare to disobey Him. Fear Him in a way that you do not despair of His mercy.

Praise of the Ignorant

وَ لَا تَغْتَرَّ بِقَوْلِ الْجَاهِلِ وَ لَا بِمَدْحِهِ فَتَكَبَّرَ وَ تَجَبَّرَ وَ تُعْجَبَ بِعَمَلِكَ.

Do not believe the saying and praise of the ignorant so that you will not be arrogant, tyrant, and esteem your deeds exaggeratedly.

Self-Sufficiency

اقْنَعْ بِمَا قَسَمَهُ اللَّهُ لَكَ وَ لَا تَنْظُرْ إِلَّا إِلَى مَا عِنْدَكَ وَ لَا تَتَمَنَّ مَا لَسْتَ تَنَالُهُ فَإِنَّ مَنْ قَنِعَ شَبِعَ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَقْنَعْ لَمْ يَشْبَعْ.

Never look to what others have. Never expect (the good of) what you will not get. He who satisfies himself will surely attain self-sufficiency. He who is not pleased will never satiate.

In Rich

لَا تَكُنْ بَطِراً فِي الْغِنَى وَ لَا جَزِعاً فِي الْفَقْرِ.

Never be arrogant when you are rich and intolerant when you are poor.

Crudeness

لَا تَكُنْ فَظّاً غَلِيظاً يَكْرَهِ النَّاسُ قُرْبَكَ وَ لَا تَكُنْ وَاهِناً يُحَقِّرْكَ مَنْ عَرَفَكَ.

Never be so crude that people desist from approaching you, and never be so humble that you will be disgraced by whoever knows you.

Quarrel

لَا تُشَارَّ مَنْ فَوْقَكَ وَ لَا تَسْخَرْ بِمَنْ هُوَ دُونَكَ.

Never quarrel with him who is higher than you, and never mock at him who is lower than you.

Engaging in a Matter

قِفْ عِنْدَ كُلِّ أَمْرٍ حَتَّى تَعْرِفَ مَدْخَلَهُ مِنْ مَخْرَجِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَقَعَ فِيهِ فَتَنْدَمَ.

Stop engaging yourself in a matter before you check it completely and realize its entrance and exit to avoid sorrow.

The Enemy

اجْعَلْ قَلْبَكَ قَرِيباً تُشَارِكُهُ‏ وَ اجْعَلْ عَمَلَكَ وَالِداً تَتَّبِعُهُ وَ اجْعَلْ نَفْسَكَ عَدُوّاً تُجَاهِدُهُ وَ عَارِيَةً تَرُدُّهَا.

Consider your mind as a relative whose opinion you seek, and consider your knowledge as the father that you follow. Consider yourself as the enemy that you fight and the loan that you will defray.

The Doctor

إِنَّكَ قَدْ جُعِلْتَ طَبِيبَ نَفْسِكَ وَ عُرِّفْتَ آيَةَ الصِّحَّةِ وَ بُيِّنَ لَكَ الدَّاءُ وَ دُلِلْتَ عَلَى الدَّوَاءِ فَانْظُرْ قِيَامَكَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ.

You are assigned as the doctor of yourself and shown the prescription of health, the malady, and the remedy. See how you will treat yourself.

Do not Nullify Your Favor!

إِنْ كَانَتْ لَكَ يَدٌ عِنْدَ إِنْسَانٍ فَلَا تُفْسِدْهَا بِكَثْرَةِ الْمَنِّ وَ الذِّكْرِ لَهَا وَ لَكِنْ أَتْبِعْهَا بِأَفْضَلَ مِنْهَا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ أَجْمَلُ بِكَ فِي أَخْلَاقِكَ وَ أَوْجَبُ لِلثَّوَابِ فِي آخِرَتِكَ.

If you have done favor to someone, you should not violate it by mentioning it and showing the obligation on him. You should attach another favor to the previous. This will be more fitting for you and will make your reward more fixed in the Hereafter.

Keep Silent!

عَلَيْكَ بِالصَّمْتِ تُعَدَّ حَلِيماً جَاهِلًا كُنْتَ أَوْ عَالِماً فَإِنَّ الصَّمْتَ زَيْنٌ لَكَ عِنْدَ الْعُلَمَاءِ وَ سَتْرٌ لَكَ عِنْدَ الْجُهَّالِ.

Keep silent and you will be reckoned as indulgent whether you were knowledgeable or ignorant. Silence is an ornament before the scholars and a screen before the ignorant.

Leave Desires!

إِنَّ عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ (ع) قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ بِحَقٍّ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ إِنَّكُمْ لَا تُصِيبُونَ مَا تُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا بِتَرْكِ مَا تَشْتَهُونَ وَ لَا تَنَالُونَ مَا تَأْمُلُونَ إِلَّا بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى مَا تَكْرَهُونَ.

Jesus son of Mary (peace be upon them) said, “I tell you truthfully that you will not attain what you want unless you desert your desires. Likewise, you will not win your hopes unless with patience against matters that you hate.”

Treat Kindly!

صِلْ مَنْ قَطَعَكَ وَ أَعْطِ مَنْ حَرَمَكَ وَ أَحْسِنْ إِلَى مَنْ أَسَاءَ إِلَيْكَ وَ سَلِّمْ عَلَى مَنْ سَبَّكَ وَ أَنْصِفْ مَنْ خَاصَمَكَ وَ اعْفُ عَمَّنْ ظَلَمَكَ كَمَا أَنَّكَ تُحِبُّ أَنْ يُعْفَى عَنْكَ.

Regard him who ruptured relations with you, give him who deprived you (of his bestowals), treat kindly him who mistreated you, greet him who reviled at you, be just to him who disputed with you, and pardon him who wronged you in the same way you like others to pardon you.

God’s Pardoning

فَاعْتَبِرْ بِعَفْوِ اللَّهِ عَنْكَ أَ لَا تَرَى أَنَّ شَمْسَهُ أَشْرَقَتْ عَلَى الْأَبْرَارِ وَ الْفُجَّارِ وَ أَنَّ مَطَرَهُ يَنْزِلُ عَلَى الصَّالِحِينَ وَ الْخَاطِئِينَ.

Take lessons from God’s pardoning you; do you not see that His sun is covering the pious and the licentious and His rain is falling on the virtuous and the wrongdoers?

Giving Secretly

لَا تَتَصَدَّقْ عَلَى أَعْيُنِ النَّاسِ لِيُزَكُّوكَ فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ فَقَدِ اسْتَوْفَيْتَ أَجْرَكَ وَ لَكِنْ إِذَا أَعْطَيْتَ بِيَمِينِكَ فَلَا تُطْلِعْ عَلَيْهَا شِمَالَكَ فَإِنَّ الَّذِي تَتَصَدَّقُ لَهُ سِرّاً يُجْزِيكَ عَلَانِيَةً عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْأَشْهَادِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي لَا يَضُرُّكَ أَنْ لَا يُطْلِعَ النَّاسَ عَلَى صَدَقَتِكَ.

Do not give alms openly for (the purpose of) making people second you, that if you do so, then you have taken your reward. However, you should not let your left hand know that your right hand has given alms. He to whom you are giving alms secretly will surely reward you openly before all people on the day on which it will not be harmful for you that people do not witness your almsgiving.

Low Your Voice!

اخْفِضِ الصَّوْتَ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ الَّذِي‏ يَعْلَمُ ما تُسِرُّونَ وَ ما تُعْلِنُونَ‏ قَدْ عَلِمَ مَا تُرِيدُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَسْأَلُوهُ.

Low your voice because your Lord, Who knows whatever you say secretly or openly, has already known your question before you ask it.

The Gifts

الْوَاجِبُ عَلَى مَنْ وَهَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ الْهُدَى وَ أَكْرَمَهُ بِالْإِيمَانِ وَ أَلْهَمَهُ رُشْدَهُ وَ رَكَّبَ فِيهِ عَقْلًا يَتَعَرَّفُ بِهِ نِعَمَهُ وَ آتَاهُ عِلْماً وَ حُكْماً يُدَبِّرُ بِهِ أَمْرَ دِينِهِ وَ دُنْيَاهُ‏ أَنْ يُوجِبَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَنْ يَشْكُرَ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَكْفُرَهُ وَ أَنْ يَذْكُرَ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَنْسَاهُ وَ أَنْ يُطِيعَ اللَّهَ وَ لَا يَعْصِيَهُ.

It is an obligation upon him whom God has gifted guidance, honored with faith, granted intelligence, supplied with a brain -with which the graces are recognized, and has given knowledge and wisdom -with which the worldly and religious affairs are managed, (it is an obligation on him) to deem obligatory upon himself to thank God, and never show ingratitude, to remember God and never forget Him, to obey God and never challenge Him.

Ranks of the Pious

مَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَطْمَعَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ بِعَمَلِ الْفُجَّارِ مَنَازِلَ الْأَبْرَارِ.
No one should expect to have the ranks of the pious while he practices the deeds of the evildoers.

Felicitous in the Hereafter

أَمَا إِنَّهُ لَوْ وَقَعَتِ الْواقِعَةُ وَ قَامَتِ الْقِيَامَةُ وَ جاءَتِ الطَّامَّةُ وَ نَصَبَ الْجَبَّارُ الْمَوَازِينَ لِفَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ وَ بَرَزَ الْخَلَائِقُ لِيَوْمِ الْحِسَابِ أَيْقَنْتَ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ لِمَنْ تَكُونُ الرِّفْعَةُ وَ الْكَرَامَةُ وَ بِمَنْ تَحِلُّ الْحَسْرَةُ وَ النَّدَامَةُ فَاعْمَلِ الْيَوْمَ فِي الدُّنْيَا بِمَا تَرْجُو بِهِ الْفَوْزَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ.

When the Imminent Hour befalls and the Resurrection arises, and the Great Predominating Calamity comes, and the All-omnipotent maintains the scale for judgment and the creatures are resurrected for the Day of Judgment, only then you will realize whose is the honor and exaltation and whose is sorrow and disappointment. Hence, do in this world that which you hope to makes you felicitous in the Hereafter.

The Accepted Prayer

قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ وَ عَزَّ فِي بَعْضِ مَا أَوْحَى إِنَّمَا أَقْبَلُ الصَّلَاةَ مِمَّنْ يَتَوَاضَعُ لِعَظَمَتِي وَ يَكُفُّ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الشَّهَوَاتِ مِنْ أَجْلِي وَ يَقْطَعُ نَهَارَهُ بِذِكْرِي وَ لَا يَتَعَظَّمُ عَلَى خَلْقِي وَ يُطْعِمُ الْجَائِعَ وَ يَكْسُو الْعَارِيَ وَ يَرْحَمُ الْمُصَابَ وَ يُؤْوِي الْغَرِيبَ‏ فَذَلِكَ يُشْرِقُ نُورُهُ مِثْلَ الشَّمْس.

In one of His revelations, God, the Majestic the Glorified, said: “I will accept only the prayers of him who humiliates himself before My greatness, abstains from the pleasures for My sake, spends his day with referring to Me, never tyrannizes My creatures, serves the hungry, attires the naked, treats the injured kindly, and finds a place for the strange. The light of such people will shine like sunlight.”

Modesty

الْإِسْلَامُ عُرْيَانٌ فَلِبَاسُهُ الْحَيَاءُ وَ زِينَتُهُ الْوَقَارُ وَ مُرُوءَتُهُ الْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ وَ عِمَادُهُ الْوَرَعُ.

Islam is naked; pudency is its dress, decorum is its adornment, good deed is its personality, and piety is its pillar.

The Basis of Islam

لِكُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ أَسَاسٌ وَ أَسَاسُ الْإِسْلَامِ حُبُّنَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ.

Everything has a basis. The basis of Islam is the adoration to us the Prophet’s family.

  • 1. Abdullah bin Jundab was one of the best companions of Imam Sadiq (peace be upon him).
  • 2. Tohaf al-Oqoul, p. 301.
  • 3. Safa and Marwa are two places near the Kaba -the Holy House of God- in Mecca. Roaming between Safa and Marwa is within the obligatory rites of the ritual Pilgrimage (hajj).
  • 4. Badr and Uhud are the two foremost battles of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his progeny).
  • 5. As mentioned before, all people in the society are as brothers.