All the prophets and their divine successors are infallible and sinless as they are the best examples to be followed by human beings. Allah (SWT) ordered all human beings to obey the prophets and their successors. If God forbid, they do any sinful act, it means that Allah (SWT) is ordering us to commit sin following them, which is impossible.
Sura al-Nasr like many other Surah have been mistranslated. It does mean at all to seek forgiveness for the prophet himself but for the Muslims who enter in the Religion of Allah for their past sins.
Every verse in Quran and every Hadeeth on this matter means that the Prophet is seeking forgiveness for the Believers.
You need to keep on searching to reach him and seek pardon from him. If you lose hope of reaching him, you need to seek from Allah (SW) to forgive your and his sins. Whenever you remember the victim, you should sincerely pray for his forgiveness.
According to hadith, if a person is sincere, their repentance can be accepted until the time they see the Angel of Death; or, if they were committing wrong out of ignorance, until the soul leaves the throat. (These times are given in different narrations; perhaps they are reflecting a similar time for the person about to pass on.) However, if they were intentionally doing wrong and expecting to be able to repent for it at the last minute, this option will not be there for them (nor would their repentance be sincere).
This is the idea being Qur'an 4:18 - that people cannot persist in wrongdoing and then expect to get out of it at the last minute. Rather, once they realize they are doing wrong, they should try to make a change.
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