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Praying in congregation is highly recommended and the reward of every
Raka’at of it is multiplied by thousands of times. If you are in a
place where congregational prayers are held and your not participating
in it amounts to an insult to the Imam of the Jama’at or the
Mo’meneen, it will then be sinful not to participate in the said
congregational prayers.

There is another case, when the person does not know how to pray
individually or cannot recite the Qira’at properly, then he must join
an available congregational prayer.

Wassalam.

Bismillah

Thank you for your question. According to the school of Ahl al-Bayt (as), there is no problem with praying your intended prayer in congregation in either scenario.

May you always be successful.

If the time of congregational prayers does not allow you to perform Nafilah of Zohr or/ and Nafilah of Asr, then you can perform the Nafilah after the Jama'at prayers is over, with the Niyyah of Qadha.

You will then get the reward of Jama'at and the reward of performing the Nafilah.

If you have little time which will kot be enough to perform the whole eight Rak'ats of the Nafilah, you can perform few Rak'ats like 2 or 4 Rak'ats.

Wassalam.

As far as the person is Baaligh, there is no restriction on age after being Baaligh.

Aadil is the Mo’min who usually abides all rules of religion and avoids all sinful acts.

If he for any reason commits any sinful act, he must repent and seek forgiveness, then he will return to the state of Aadil.

Obviously, all other conditions of Salatul Jama’ah must met.

Wassalam.