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Bismihi ta'ala

If one had enough time, and intentionally did not perform ghusl before Fajr time, then their fasting for that day will be invalid, and they must redo that day as qadha` and pay kaffarah

If they did not have enough time, or it was not intentional for them to stay in janabah, then their fasting is valid.

And Allah knows best. 

1.Your Night Prayer (Salat Al-Layl) is valid even if time of Fajr starts while you are still praying Night Prayer.

2.Night Prayer can be performed as Qadha and it is recommended for those who missed it to perform it as Qadha any time during day or night.

3. Last verse of Sura Al-Kahf has been mentioned in our books to be recited to wake up easily قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ فَمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا
الكهف ١٨ | الآية: ١١٠]Sura 18, verse 110.

Wassalam.

It is obligatory on Muslim male to recite Sura Al-Hamd and another Sura in clear voice in Fajr, Maghrib and Isha Prayers. Clear voice does not making others hear you, but it means that you voice is clear even if it is low but can be heard by those who are just near you.

Wassalam.

Yes. It might be obligatory to pray the Farz of Fajr before sunrise, then pray the Nafila after sunrise as Qadha. Praying Nafila (Sunnah) is not permissible if it makes you miss performing the obligatory Prayer within its time.

Wassalam.