Inheritance

If all who are entitled in the inheritance agree to leave their shares in the house and keep the house for the common use of the family, then it is for them to do that. If any one from them objects in that, others must give him his share from the house.

Wassalam.

If your mother gifted you the amount of buying the phone and you received the amount, then that amount has become your money. If she told you to take such amount from her money to buy a phone, as part of her will, then that amount will be yours according to her will as far as the amount does not exceed on third of her estate.

Wassalam.

After removing the share of living parent if any, and any loan or will of the deceased, the remaining should be divided into six equal shares, two shares for the son, and one share for every daughter.

Wassalam.

No. It is not permissible to cut ties with any relative, no matter what wrong they did to you. Cutting ties with any relative is a major sin which can never be justified.

If they did wrong to you, you should leave them to Allah Who is The Absolute Just, but you should never commit the major sin of cutting ties with any of your relatives.

Wassalam.

The Twelve Infallible Imams from Ahlul Bayt (AS) did inherit the knowledge of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA). That is why, their status is from his status as Allah says in Quran ذُرِّيّةً بَعْضُها مِن بَعض A Progeny (of the Prophet) which part from him. Their status is higher than everyone except the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) who is The Highest over all creatures.

Wassalam.

No share for the deceased son or daughter nor to their children after them as far as they died before their parents. When a person dies leaving his own children, and grandchildren, direct children only have the right to inherit from him as far as they were alive when the parent died. Those who died before their parents have no right in inheritance unless all the children have dies before their parents, then their children will inherit from their grand parents because no direct son or daughter are alive.

Wassalam.

No one has any right in inheriting from this man but his own two daughters and his wife if she was alive when he passed away. Wife should  get one eighth and rest should be equally divided between the two daughters. If no wife was alive when he passed away, then all the property and wealth should be dived equally between his two daughters only. No one else from the relatives is entitled for any inheritance from him. This is according to Ahlul Bayt (AS) who have the real teachings of the Prophet (SAWA). Sunni brothers have something different which prevents the daughters and give to other male relatives, which is away from Quran and Real Sunnah.

'Wassalam.

Raising a child in need who is not your child is a great act of reward and it is a way to Paradise if it is done according to the teachings of Islam. As the child is not your child, there is no inheritance between you and the child, although you are free to give him in your will up to one third of what you leave, and you can gift him during your life whatever you like to gift him.

When the child becomes Baaligh, Hijab is must.

Wassalam.

Two thirds of what he left goes to the son, and one third goes to the daughter. This is if he left only one son and one daughter only with out wife. If he left a wife, she gets one eighth, then the remaining should be made in three equal shares, two shares for the son and one share for the daughter.

Wassalam.

Yes as far as they are Muslims.
Muslim sinner , no matter what type of sins, inherits from his Muslim parents. Non Muslim is not allowed to inherit from Muslim.

Wassalam..

Her husband gets one quarter. The remaining three quarters goes to the son and daughter who were alive when the woman died. Two shares for the son and one share for the daughter. 
If the daughter had already passed away before her mother, the son will get the three quarters.

Wassalam.

If you could not reach to an inheritor, and lost hope in finding him after thorough search, his share must be given to the Marje' of Taqleed and never go to other inheritors unless they have evidence that has died and they have share from him. Marje' of Taqleed is responsible to spend it in charity on behalf of the missing beneficiary.

Wassalam.