Baligh

In Islamic legal terminology, bāligh (Arabic: بالغ‎, adult) or mukallāf (Arabic: مكلف‎, responsible) of muhallāq (Arabic: محلاق‎, tendril, mentally matured) or murāhiq (Arabic: مراهق‎, frequently errant, evildoer in a hurry) or muhtalim (Arabic: محتلم‎, pubescent) refers to someone who has reached maturity or puberty, and has full responsibility under Islamic law.

108064

Girl . Baligh . Father . Marriage . Conversion to Islam . Mut'a (Temporary marriage)

For a Muslim revert girl who is Baligh, is it necessary to ask permission of her non-Muslim father for temporary or permanent marriage?

Zaid Alsalami, Shaykh Dr Zaid Alsalami is an Iraqi born scholar, raised in Australia. He obtained a BA from Al-Mustafa University, Qom, and an MA from the Islamic College in London. He also obtained a PhD from... Answered 2 months ago

Bismihi ta'ala

The fiqhi ruling for this is the same for any wali amr, and she would need the consent of her father, whether he is Muslim or not. This is in the case that she has not been married before and is not completely independent in everything she does (balighah/rashidah).

And Allah knows best.

107000

Girl . Baligh

What is the evidence in Islam regarding maturity of a girl at 9 years and a boy at 15 years of age?

Sayyed Mohammad Al-Musawi, Sayyed Mohammad al-Musawi is originally from Iraq and heads up the World Ahlul Bayt Islamic League in London. Other than being involved in various humanitarian projects, he frequently responds to... Answer updated 3 months ago

The evidence of age of Bolugh (puberty) has come from the The Prophet Muhammad (Peace and Blessings Be Upon Him and His Holy Progeny) and after him from The Infallible Imams (AS). We have number of most authentic Hadeeths in this regard stating that the girl becomes Baligh when she completes nine Lunar years and the boy becomes Baligh by certain signs on his body and if no signs happen in his body than on completing 15 Lunar years. In Kitab Al-Kaafi Volume-7 Page-198 narration from Imam Mohammad Al-Baqir (A.S.) “The girl when she completes 9 year she does not remain orphan anymore and she can be married and she will be responsible of all the obligatories on her and rights for her. In Kitab Al-Kaafi also Volume-7 Page-197 narration from Hamraan who said that I asked Aba Jafar (A.S.) : When does the boy or the girl becomes responsible? Imam replied that the girl (becomes responsible) when she completes nine years; she will not remain orphan anymore and she will be responsible for her and on her.
We have also also many authentic narrations about the age when the marriage is permissible means the sexual relationship between the husband and wife is not permissible until and unless the female completes nine lunar years. In Al-Kaafi narrated by Al-Halabi from Imam Jafar as-Sadiq (A.S.). Also in Al-Kaafi narrated from Zurarah from Imam Abi-Jafar al-Baqir (A.S.). Also in Kitab al-Kaafi another narration from Safwan ibne Yahya in the same meaning that marriage is not permissible to allow sexual intercourse before she completes nine lunar years. The details of the evidence are with those who are experts and every method of Shariath has got lot of details, we cannot take the opinions of the people, but people should always follow the verdict of the Maraaji of Taqleed who usually spend their lives in studying and understanding Quran and Hadeeth and understanding the evidence and coming out with the Islamic rule or verdict according to their research and understanding.
Wassalam.

107532

Baligh . Sunni . Children . Salat al-Jama’at

Is it allowed for a non-Baligh child to lead adults in Wajib prayers, as this practice is seen in the Sunni community? Will my prayer be accepted if I happened to participate in such a congregation?

Zoheir Ali Esmail, Shaykh Zoheir Ali Esmail has a Bsc in Accounting and Finance from the LSE in London, and an MA in Islamic Studies from Middlesex University. He studied Arabic at Damascus University and holds a PhD... Answered 3 months ago

Bismillah

Thank you for your question. One of the conditions for a prayer leader according to the School of Ahl al-Bayt (as) is that they are baligh. If they are not baligh, that prayer cannot be lead by them and so if someone participated in that prayer they will need to repeat it.

May you always be successful

105505

Sin . Hijab . Girl . Baligh

Is it a sin to not wear Hijab once a girl becomes Baligh, even if she is not mentally ready for it? And when does one become Baligh?

Amina Inloes, Amina Inloes is originally from the US and has a PhD in Islamic Studies from the University of Exeter on Shi'a hadith. She is the program leader for the MA Islamic Studies program at the... Answer updated 4 months ago

The previous answer is complete; I just wanted to add that "not being mentally ready" could mean a number of different things.

My first impression when reading that was that it could mean she is not mentally ready to wear the hijab in a minority society (or a Muslim area where hijab is uncommon) - for instance, at a school where there are no other girls who wear hijab, and she might be under pressure to explain herself (but not be able to do so yet), or be teased, ostracized, or bullied, especially if she is shy or sensitive and does not have an assertive personality or a strong ability to stand up for herself.

In some places, Islamophobic harassment might also be a concern.

Not that it necessarily has anything to do with her personal sexuality.

I just wanted to add that because sometimes there is a tendency to discuss the hijab wholly in the context of sexuality or modesty, wheres in minority societies, the main challenges and pressures regarding hijab are usually social and relate to things like Islamophobia.

In any case, it is good to acknowledge, respect, and nurture the inherent maturity of young people. Even if they are still maturing in many ways, throughout much of history, young people have taken on many lifelong commitments at a young age, such as apprenticing to a profession, training in sports or the arts, or a religious conversion. Of course it is also good to acknowledge the limits of a child's maturity, since one doesn't expect someone who is 9 to be mature in every way. Still, in this day and age, in some societies, everyone who is under 18 is treated as a child which does not benefit them either; it is good to have a balance.

Sin . Hijab . Girl . Baligh

Is it a sin to not wear Hijab once a girl becomes Baligh, even if she is not mentally ready for it? And when does one become Baligh?

Bismihi ta'ala

Inner and outer modesty, chastity and hijab is something Almighty God has mandated for all men and women.

It is necessary for us as Muslims to familiarise ourselves with the many benefits of inner and outer hijab, and the earlier we learn this the better.

Young boys need to be modest, and so do young girls, even though they might not be intellectually mature enough. As long as they are aware of their surroundings, and have entered into the age of religious maturity, they become responsible and accountable for what they do.

This is what bulugh and takleef means.

Furthermore, being modest and having hijab does not necessarily mean one is sexually active. It is a process of engaging with the natural and mental development of a male/female.

An Islamic lifestyle prepares us for the world, and whether this particular girl might be mentally ready or not, she must adapt to what it is that our religion wants from us, as the Almighty has accommodated to all that is required for us in our natural needs as humans.

A young girl who reaches the age of taklif will realise how beneficial and positive hijab is when she prioritises her spiritual and moral conduct over everything else, and she will realise how intellectually mature she becomes.

As for the age of bulugh, for a female it is completion of 9 lunar years. For a male, it is the occuring of one of the following, whichever one occurs first is the sign of his bulugh:

1. having a wet-dream.
2. growth of thick pubic hair.
3. completing of 15 lunar years.

And Allah knows best.

105435

Responsibility . Baligh . Children . Parents

Is there a responsibility on Baligh children to do Amr bil Maruf and Nahi Anil Munkar on their parents with the intention to tell them about the Nafs, teachings of the Ahlul Bayt (as) and connection with their Lord?

Baligh person is no more a child in Islam. Once the child reaches the Bolough, he/she is no more a child even if the society calls them children. Baligh person has the responsibility to perform every obligatory act or worship according to his abilities. Baligh young person is responsible to do Amr bil Ma'roof and Naahi 'Anil Munkar according to his knowledge and abilities and the possibility of effect.

Dealing with parents must be with full respect even if they do what you think it wrong. You must avoid any word or behaviour which can cause hurting their feelings. Hurting the feelings of your parents or any of them is a major sin.

Wasalam.

100509

Baligh . Kaffara . Turbah

If someone at the age of three or four years threw a Sajdigah, made of Khak-e-Shifa, in a drain full of dirt and later realized, after becoming Baligh, then what will be the Kaffarah for this act?

No Kaffara and no responsibility on a child in the age of three or four. Estighfaar is always good.

'Wassalam.

97298

Father . Daughter . Baligh

Is a step father allowed to express fatherly love to his non-Baligh step daughter such as through a kiss or an embrace?

Bismihi ta'ala

A "step-father" should aim at trying to become a father figure for his wife's children, and treat them like his own children. One positive way of treating children is by showing affection and loving care, through kissing the children, hugging them, and treating them in the best way possible.

And Allah knows best.