Food

1. Sadaqa is one of the best good deeds which have great benefits in this life and hereafter.

2. Giving Sadaqa for the sake of Allah removes away calamities, difficulties and hardships and protects from hell fire.

3. Best Sadaqa is the secret Sadaqa which no one knows about it but Allah (SWT).

4. Giving what we love more in Sadaqa will bring more reward. (You will never get the degree of piousness until you give what you love, in the way of Allah. (3:92).

5. Sadaqa of water is very great in its reward as well as feeding the hungry.

6. Sadaqa of a word to support a Momin has great reward.

7. Smiling in the face of your believing brothers is a Sadaqa and saying good words to people is a Sadaqa and removing harmful items from the road of people is Sadaqa.

8. Best food to give in Sadaqa is the lawful food which you love more.

9. Sadaqa should not aim to get people's praise or thanks. Allah says in Quran (Saying: We feed you for the sake of Allah only, we don't want from you to reward us nor to thank us.) (Sura 76, Verse 9).

10. Giving Sadaqa is the wish of people who leave this life with out giving what they could give. They will wish from Allah to send them back to the worldly life for a while so that they can give Sadaqa. Allah says in Quran (And spend (in noble cause) from what We granted you before death comes to each one of you then he will say O my Lord, if you only give me respite for little while so that I give Sadaqa and be with righteous)(Sura 63, verse 10).

11. Sadaqa is one of best ways to increase your income. The Hadeeth says: When we face decrease of income, we invest in giving Sadaqa to get more income.

12. Sadaqa is one of the best ways to treat illnesses and get cure. Hadeeth says: Treat you ill persons by giving Sadaqa.

13. Sadaqa is one of the best ways to remove away any expected or un expected danger. 
14. Patching up between believers who have disputes is from the best Sadaqa which Allah likes. (Al-Kaafi 2:209). 
Wassalam..

Yes. Aqeeqa meat is allowed from any one for any one. Parents of the child are advised not to eat from the Aqeeqa of their child. It is not Haraam for them to eat, but just Makrouh.

Wassalam.

We are not allowed to eat non Halal meat. We must be sure that it is Halal.

Vegetarian food is allowed if it is not been touched with wetness by Mushrik or Kafir.

If vegetarian food Is brought to you by a Muslim who knows and cares for Islamic rules, you don't need to inquire unless you have reason to doubt.

Wassalam.

It is not Makrouh to eat liver nor brain of Halal animal but it is Haraam to eat the gland inside the brain.

It is Makrouh to eat the kidney of Halal animal, as well as the veins and two small parts of meat out of the heart of the animal which are called the ears of the heart آذان القلب.

'Wassalam.

If the food has animal ingredients, you must be sure that it is Halal before  consuming it. Animal ingredients are not allowed for eating before being sure that it is Halal.

If the food has no animal ingredients, nor alcohol, and you don't know that it has Najis ingredients, then it will be allowed for you to consume it.

Wassalam.

It is allowed and not Haraam, but just Makrouh (disliked) to eat in the bathroom. If there is a condition forcing you to eat in the bathroom, you are allowed to do so.

Wassalam.

Non Muslim seller who claims that the meat he is selling or wants to sell is Halal can not be taken as an authentic evidence that the meat is really Halal. If Muslim tells you that his meat is Halal and you have no reason to doubt his statement, then you can take the neat as Halal.

Restaurants selling alcohol or pork can never be trusted as utensils and plates used in cooking or serving alcohol or pork  become Najis and and every other food put in Najis utensils and plates becomes Najis as well.

Wassalam.

Usually we deal with questions related to practical issues which people experience in their day to day life. Your question looks like very far from day to day life, nevertheless if you want the answer for knowledge, it is obligatory to save our life. Deliberate failure in saving life and causing death is a sinful act. It is not permissible to cause death to yourself even if the only food available to remain alive is pork, but no more than what make you survive.

'Wassalam.

We are been advised to eat less and leave the food when you are still feel wanting to eat more. That will then leave space for drinks and breathing. It comes from your personal experience which makes you able to estimate the one third for food and the other third for drinks and the last third for breathing properly with out feeling full or heavy.

Wassalam..

If the meat was slaughtered in any Muslim country by Muslims, we can take it as Halal. Many multinational food companies bring meat from non Muslim countries to sell it in their branches in Muslim countries. Such meat brought from non Muslim countries is not Halal unless there is an evidence that it was slaughtered by Muslim according to Islamic rules.

Wassalam.