Ka'ba

The status of the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) and his Holy Progeny is higher than the status of Ka'bah and any one and any thing created by Allah (SAWA). The Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) is the best and the highest among the creatures of Allah (SWT). His holy Progeny are from him and their status is from his highest status.

Wassalam.

The shape of Ka'ba has been taught to the Prophets who raised the walls of it by order from Allah (SWT). In the Hadeeth: The Ka'ba is beneath al-Bayt Al-Ma'mour in the sky, which is based on four Corners. Bayt Al-Ma'mour is beneath The A'rsh which is based also on four corners (Subhanallah, WAL Hamdulillah, wala elaha illallah, wallahu Akbar).

Ka'ba is the center of the whole world and all Muslims have to face its direction while praying or slaughtering an animal or burying a dead body. It's shape makes people in all the sides of the earth able to face its direction.

Wassalam.

I did not find such narrations in our authentic books.

You can ask who claims that to give you his references if he has any reference. We can then examine his claim.

Wassalam.

Yes it is permissible to look at the Ka'bah during Qunoot because looking at the Ka'bah is a worship by itself. Nevertheless, it is always recommended during Qunoot of Prayers to look at your palms (inner side of your hands).

Wassalam.

Yes, we have many Hadeethes in Shia and Sunni books that Al-Bayt Al-Ma'moor is in the sky exactly above the Ka'bah and it is the Ka'bah of the sky and the angles of the sky perform Tawaf around it. Shaikh Al-Sadouq (Great Shia scholar)  narrated this in 'Elal Al-Sharaa'i , V. 2, P. 91 and Al-Soyooti (Well known Sunni scholar) narrated it in his well known book Al-Durr Al-Manthour , V.6, P. 117.

Wassalam.

The birth of Imam Ali (AS) inside the Ka’bah has been narrated
by many of leading Sunni Ulama in their books. Today when you hear from some enemies of Ahlul Bayt (AS) denying or doubting this fact, you should advise them to
refer to the leading Sunni Ulama who have confirmed the fact that Ali
(AS) was born inside the Ka’bah. These are just few example:

1.     Al-Haakim al Nisaburi in al-Mustadrak Ala al-Saheehayn (Hadeeth
no. 6098): He stated that the narrations are too many that Fatimah
Bint Asad gave birth to Ameerul Mo’meneen Ali ibn Abi Talib
(Karramallah Wajha) inside the Ka’bah.

2.     The well known Sunni scholar Allamah Badakhshi in his book
Miftaah An Najah (page no. 20), he stated that no one was born inside
the Bait al Haram except Ali ibn Abi Talib and no one will be born
after him and this is a special tribute gifted  by Allah (SWT) to Ali
ibn Abi Talib (AS).

3.     The famous Egyptian scholar and author Abbas Mahmood al-Aqqaad in
his book Abkariat al-Imam Ali (AS) (page no. 43) he stated that Ali
(AS) was born inside the Ka’bah.

4.     Sunni scholar known by Ali Fikhri al-Qahiri in his book Ehsan
al-Qasas (vol. III pg. 178) stated Ali (AS) was born in Makkah in
al-Bait al-Haraam in the year 32 after the birth of the prophet
Mohammed (SAWA).

5.     Ibn al-Sabbagh al-Maliki in his book al-Fusoul al-Mohimmah (pg.
30) stated: Ali (AS) was born in Makkah inside al-Bait al-Haram

6.     Al-Kunji al-Shafi'ei in his book Kifaayat at-Talib (pg. 407)
stated : “Ameerul Mo’meneen Ali ibn Abi Talib (AS) was born in Makkah
inside Baitullah al-Haram”.

7.     Al-Haakim al-Nisaburi in Kitab Ma’refat al-Sahabah (Hadeeth no. 6044).

8.     Al-Masoodi in Murooj al-Dhahab (vol. II pg. 349).

9.  The famous Persian Sunni poem Sa’adi al-Sirazi

10. Al-Dahlawi in Izaalat al-Khafaa’ (pg. 251)

11. Al-Shablanji in Noor al-Absaar (vol. 85)

12. Al-Safoori in Nuzhat al-Majaalis (vol. II pg. 454)

13. Al-Halabi in Al-Seerah al-Halabiyah (vol. I pg. 139)

14. Ibn Al-Batreeq in his book al-Omdah (pg. 8)

15. Al-Tustari in Arjah al-Mataalib (vol. 388, Lahore edition)

16. Abu Zakariyah al-Asadi in Tareekh al-Mosil (pg. 58, Dr Habeebah in Cairo.

17.  Khairul Deen Afandi al-Aaloosi in Ghaliyat al-Mawa’idh (vol. II pg. 89,
Boolaq edition).

18. Allamah Bakatheer al-hadhrami in Waseelat al-Maal (pg. 145)

19. Ibn al-Jawzi in Tathkirat Khawas al-Ummah (vol.113)

20. Ahmad bin Mansour al-Kazarooni in Miftah al-Futooh (pg. 48)

21. Noor al-Deen al-Halabi al-Sha’fei in Insan al-Uyoon (vol. I pg.221,
Mustafa al-Baabi edition in Egypt)

22. Ashraf Ali in Riyadh al-Jinan (vol. I pg 111, Bombay edition)

23.  al-Kahlani al-San’ani in al-Rawdhah an-Nadiyah (pg. 89,
Ansari in Delhi)

24.  Abdul Rahman Al-Safoori in al-Mahasin al-Mujtameah (pg. 156)

25. Kamaluddin bin Talha as-Shafe’ei in  Matalib al-Saool (pg. 11)

26. The well known Egyptian scholar Tawfeeq Abu 'Alam in his book Ahlul Bayt (pg. 189, 1st edition of 1390 AH).

And many others.

Wassalam.

Yes. The Qibla of all the prophets was towards The Ka'bah since the beginning. The direction towards Baitul  Maqdis was during exceptional time when the Ka'bah was full of idols of Mushriks. On the month of Rajab of the second year after Hijra, Allah (SWT) ordered the Prophet Muhammad (SAWA) to pray towards Ka'bah instead of Baitul Maqdis.

Wassalam.

Sajda (Prostration) on carpet is Not permissible unless you are under dangerous situations where Taqiyya becomes permissible for you to avoid possible danger or harm.

Wassalam.

The Ka’ba is situated on the center of the earth. This is a miracle which has been confirmed and admitted by non Muslim scientists. No birds and planes can fly over the Ka’ba because of that miracle.

Wassalam.